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Foundations of Clinical Medicine I


Course Description

Students will complete three modules addressing cardiovascular physiology, glucose absorption, and respiratory physiology, and relevant diseases associated with each system. Each module will be presented in a clinical context and will use four learning modalities: reading text, viewing animations and illustrations, watching videos, and answering questions.


Athena Title

Fdn of Clinical Medicine I


Non-Traditional Format

This course will be taught 95% or more online.


Prerequisite

BIOL 1104 or BIOL 2104H or BIOL 1108 or BIOL 2108H


Semester Course Offered

Offered fall, spring and summer


Grading System

A - F (Traditional)


Student Learning Outcomes

  • Students will understand how to identify the location of the different structural components of the heart.
  • Students will understand how to distinguish between anatomical structures of the atria and ventricles.
  • Students will understand how to identify the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart.
  • Students will understand how to recognize the roles of the heart chambers in producing the 'lub' and 'dub' sounds heard during cardiac auscultation.
  • Students will understand how to describe the path of blood flow into and out of the heart during a single cardiac cycle.
  • Students will understand how to predict the path of blood flow through the heart if a specific valve fails to function appropriately.
  • Students will understand how to describe what happens between generation of the 'lub' and 'dub' sounds.
  • Students will understand how to describe what happens between generation of 'dub' and the next 'lub' sounds.
  • Students will understand how to explain the clinical relevance of the auricles, coronary arteries, and atrioventricular valve leaflets.
  • Students will understand how to distinguish between the transporters responsible for absorption of glucose from the intestine.
  • Students will understand how to explain the role of Na+/K+ATPase in absorption of glucose.
  • Students will understand how to recognize the importance of secondary active transport in the absorption of glucose from the intestine.
  • Students will understand how to describe the path of glucose from the intestine into the bloodstream.
  • Students will understand how to contrast primary and secondary active transport.
  • Students will understand how to describe the effects of gluten sensitivity on the intestine.
  • Students will understand how to describe causes for hyperglycemia other than diabetes.
  • Students will understand how to eplain the effects of ouabain.
  • Students will understand how to identify the different structural components of the upper respiratory tract.
  • Students will understand how to distinguish between anatomical structures that are involved in inspiration and expiration.
  • Students will understand how to describe the function of the phrenic nerve in breathing.
  • Students will understand how to recognize the roles of the pharynx and larynx in respiratory function.
  • Students will understand how to describe the role of carbon dioxide in initiation of breathing.
  • Students will understand how to predict the effects of changes in carbon dioxide on respiratory rate and the effects of changes in respiratory rate on carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

Topical Outline

  • Location of the heart in the thorax
  • Anatomy of the heart – chambers, auricles, external sulci
  • Blood vessels – Coronary arteries, vena cavae, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries and veins, aorta
  • Pulmonary and systemic circulations
  • Path of blood flow through the heart, valves, chordae tendineae, valves
  • Role of atrial and ventricular pressures in generating heart sounds
  • What occurs between the heart sounds
  • Atrial fibrillation, blood clots, and strokes
  • Coronary artery disease and heart attacks
  • Valvular abnormalities and regurgitation murmurs
  • Gross and microscopic anatomy of the small intestine
  • Glucose tolerance testing for type 2 diabetes
  • Importance of overnight fasting and blood samples at 1 and 2 hours
  • Normal changes in blood glucose during the test
  • Small intestinal villi and their role in absorption of glucose
  • Effect of primary active transport via Na+/K+ ATPase on Na+ concentrations in intestinal epithelial cells
  • Secondary active transport via SGLT1 on absorption of Na+ and glucose
  • Facilitated diffusion of glucose via GLUT2
  • Movement of glucose into capillaries
  • Effects of non-fasting on blood glucose concentrations during a glucose tolerance test
  • Non-diabetes related causes of hyperglycemia
  • Gluten sensitivity and its effects on the small intestine
  • Inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase
  • Anatomy of the upper respiratory tract
  • Changes in the laryngeal opening due to movement of the arytenoid cartilages
  • Anatomy of the lower respiratory tract, including the airways, diaphragm, pleura, and lungs
  • The role of carbon dioxide as a stimulus for breathing
  • Relationships among respiratory rate, pCO2, and pH
  • The use of spirometry in clinical practice
  • Lung volumes and capacities
  • Measurement of FEV1 and FVC in clinical practice and in the diagnosis of asthma
  • Role of bronchoconstriction in asthma and its treatment
  • Clinical effects of paralysis of a vocal fold
  • Changes in PCO2 and pH during anxiety attacks
  • Invention and initial use of the spirometer

Syllabus