Course Description
Introduces physiological, nutritional, and genetic regulation of growth, development, and body composition in food animals. Emphasis will be placed on skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and bone development as they relate to the whole-body growth and composition.
Additional Requirements for Graduate Students:
Additional work will be required for the graduate students, e.g.,
additional reading, leading a team of undergraduate students in
the conduct of a final project. The graduate students will be
responsible for literature review and organizing the team work in
addition to contributing a significant part of the writing.
Athena Title
Food Animal Growth and Develop
Prerequisite
ADSC 3300 or BCMB 3100 or BCMB 3100E or permission of department
Semester Course Offered
Offered spring
Grading System
A - F (Traditional)
Course Objectives
Students will acquire a fundamental knowledge of food animal growth and development and the regulation of animal growth from different angles, e.g., histology, physiology, developmental biology, and genetics. Students will gain in-depth knowledge of tissue and cellular development of skeletal muscle, bone, and adipose tissues. Also, students will be presented with the concepts of nutritional and hormonal regulation of animal growth and development. Finally, students will learn to integrate their knowledge about food animal growth into management practices that will lead to an optimal strategy for raising livestock animals.
Topical Outline
1. Overview and introduction of animal growth 2. Tissue structure and organization (1) Epithelial tissue; (2) Connective tissue; (3) Nervous tissue; (4) Muscle. 3. Embryonic growth and development (1) Early embryonic growth and development: ovum phase; (2) Embryonic growth and development: embryonic phase; (3) Late embryonic growth and development: fetal phase. 4. Muscle growth and development (1) Muscle structure and organization; (2) Myogenesis; (3) Muscle growth: hyperplasia and hypertrophy; (4) Muscle fiber plasticity and growth; (5) Regulation of muscle growth and differentiation. 5. Adipose tissue growth and development (1) Adipose tissue structure and organization; (2) Adipogenesis; (3) Fetal and postnatal growth; (4) Regulation of adipose tissue growth and development. 6. Bone tissue growth and development (1) Bone and cartilage structure and organization; (2) Osteogenesis; (3) Bone resorption and remodeling. 7. Whole-body animal growth and development (1) Evaluation of animal growth; (2) Changes in whole-body form: a. body measurement b. changes in body components c. changes in chemical composition d. changes in specific tissues (3) Allometric growth; (4) Factors that affect whole-body growth. 8. Hormonal regulation of animal growth (1) Overview of endocrine system; a. endocrine glands b. hormones (2) Major hormones that affect animal growth; a. hypothalamus and pituitary glands and hormones, e.g., GH b. pancreatic hormone c. sex hormones d. adrenal gland and hormones e. adipkine, e.g., leptin 9. Nutritional regulation of animal growth (1) Nutrient requirements; (2) Nutrient partitioning; (3) Compensatory growth; (4) Dietary protein and energy. 10. Relationships among growth, composition, and meat quality (1) Quality vs. yield grade; (2) Factors that affect quality grades; (3) Factors that affect yield grades; (4) Augmenting growth and altering quality.
Syllabus
Public CV