Fundamentals of biomedical imaging will address how major imaging modalities including x-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging can be utilized for both diagnostic and prognostic measures. Furthermore, how these modalities are employed in regenerative medicine to treat tissue abnormalities and disease states as well as measure the safety and efficacy of novel therapies will be addressed.
Athena Title
Fundamentals of Biomed Imaging
Prerequisite
(BIOL 1108 or BIOL 2108H) and (CBIO 2200-2200L or CBIO 3010-3010L or ADSC 3410)
Semester Course Offered
Offered spring
Grading System
A - F (Traditional)
Student Learning Outcomes
Students from different disciplines will be prepared for a career in biomedical imaging, medical image analysis, and/or in the application of medical imaging within their original field.
Students will have the knowledge necessary to assess the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems with applicable imaging modalities.
Students will develop an understanding of skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems to diagnose pathological disorders and classify the progression of disease states.
Topical Outline
I. Introduction to the basic concepts of biomedical imaging
a. History and development of biomedical imaging
b. Basic scientific principles
c. Early technologies
d. Modeling approaches
II. X-rays (Part I)
a. X-rays and the electromagnetic spectrum
b. Generation and detection of x-rays
c. Diagnostic x-rays
i. X-ray radiography
ii. Mammography
iii. Fluoroscopy
d. Therapeutic x-rays
i. Radiation therapy in cancer treatment
e. Radiograph analysis
f. Risks associated with x-ray technology
i. Production of ionizing radiation
III. X-rays (Part II)
a. Continued x-ray research objectives
i. Reducing radiation doses
ii. Improving image resolution
iii. Enhancing contrast materials and methods
b. X-ray technology in research
i. Single-frame x-ray tomosynthesis (SFXT)
ii. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
c. X-ray technology in clinical trials
d. X-ray case studies and individual presentations
IV. Ultrasound (Part I)
a. Generation and detection of ultrasound waves
b. Diagnostic ultrasound
i. Anatomical diagnostic ultrasound
ia. Comparative studies of 2D, 3D, and 4D analyses
ii. Functional diagnostic ultrasound
iia. Doppler/color doppler ultrasound
iib. Elastography
c. Therapeutic ultrasound
i. High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)
d. Sonogram analysis
e. Risks associated with ultrasound technology
i. Production of biological effects
ii. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations
V. Ultrasound (Part II)
a. Continued ultrasound research objectives
i. Improving image resolution
ii. Enhancing contrast materials and methods
b. Ultrasound technology in research
i. Subdermal 3D printing
ii. Ultrasound induced torpor
c. Ultrasound technology in clinical trials
i. Ultrasound patches
ii. At home ultrasound scanning
d. Ultrasound case studies and individual presentations
VI. Computed Tomography (CT) (Part I)
a. Generation of computerized x-ray imaging
i. Injury identification
ia. Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
ib. Stroke
ii. Disease identification and prognosis
iia. Neural imaging
iib. Cardiovascular imaging
iic. Pulmonary imaging
iid. Musculoskeletal imaging
iii. Comparative diagnostic studies between x-ray and CT
c. Imaging with contrast agents
i. Types of contrast agents
ii. Routes of administration
d. Tomograph analysis
e. Risks associated with CT
i. Production of ionizing radiation
ii. Pros and cons of contrast agents
VII. CT (Part II)
a. Continued CT research objectives
i. Reducing radiation doses
ii. Improving image resolution
iii. Enhancing contrast materials and methods
b. CT technology in research
i. Accounting for metal implants in CT imaging via novel algorithms
ia. Imaging artifacts
c. CT technology in clinical trials
i. Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT)
b. Diagnostic CT
ii. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques
iia. Creation of the Medical Imaging and Data Resource Center
iib. Employing AI to lower the dose of radiation
d. CT case studies and individual presentations
VIII. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (Part I)
a. Utilization of magnetic fields and radiofrequencies
b. Diagnostic MRI
i. Injury identification
ia. TBI
ib. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
ic. Stroke
ii. Disease identification and prognosis
iia. Neural imaging
iib. Cardiovascular imaging
iic. Pulmonary imaging
iid. Musculoskeletal imaging
iii. Comparative diagnostic studies between MRI and PET/SPECT
c. Functional MRI (fMRI)
i. Resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI)
ii. Task-based fMRI (tb-fMRI)
d. Imaging with contrast agents
i. Types of contrast agents
ii. Routes of administration
e. MRI analysis
f. Risks/challenges associated with MRI
i. Patients with implants
ii. Patients that require anesthesia for MRI
ii. Pros and cons of contrast agents
IX. MRI (Part II)
a. Continued MRI research objectives
i. Improving image resolution
ii. Enhancing contrast materials and methods
b. MRI technology in research
i. Hyperpolarized carbon 13
ii. Nanotheranostics and iron-oxide based nanoparticles(IONPS)
c. MRI technology in clinical trials
i. fMRI
ii. Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE)
iii. Utilizing motion correction systems
iiia. Development of pediatric body MRI coils
iiib. Motion correction algorithms in associated with AI
d. MRI case studies and individual presentations
X. Careers in biomedical imaging
a. Comparison of careers in academia and industry
b. X-ray
i. Radiographer/x-ray technician
ii. Fluoroscopy technician
iii. X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) technician
iv. Mammographer
c. Ultrasound
i. Diagnostic medical sonographer
ia. Obstetrician gynecologist
ib. Pediatric sonography
ic. Musculoskeletal
ii. Vascular sonographer
d. CT
i. CT technician
e. MRI
i. MRI technician
ii. Nuclear medicine technician
